Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits
نویسنده
چکیده
7. THE POPULATION GENETICS OF SELECTION 201 Single-locus Selection: Two Alleles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Viability Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Expected time for allele frequency change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Complications: Differential Viability Selection on the Sexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Complications: Frequency-dependent Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Complications: Fertililty Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Complications: Sexual Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Wright’s Formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Adapative topographies and Wright’s formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Single-locus Selection: Multiple Alleles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Marginal fitnesses and average excesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Changes in genotypic fitnesses, Wij . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Changes in mean fitness and equilibrium values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Internal, corner, and edge equilibrium; Basins of attraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Dynamics of response under viability and fertility selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Wright’s Formula With Multiple Alleles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Selection on Two Loci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Dynamics of gamete frequency change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Gametic equilibrium values, linkage disequilibrium, and mean fitness . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Particular fitness models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Phenotypic stabilizing selection and the maintenance of genetic variation . . . . . . . . 221 Theorems of Natural Selection: Fundamental and Otherwise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 The classical interpretation of Fishers’ fundamental theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 What did Fisher really mean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Mean fitness, Wright’s adaptive topography, and Fisher’s fundamental theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Heritability values for characters correlated with fitness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Non-additive genetic variances and traits under selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Robertson’s Secondary Theorem of Natural Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 The secondary theorem under arbitary epistasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Selection on a Quantitative Trait Locus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 A single gene underlies the character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Many loci of small effect underlying the character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 A population-genetics derivation of the breeders’ equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Correct quadratic terms for si . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
منابع مشابه
Selection and evolution of causally covarying traits.
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